Main issue is around padding of goniometer log inputs. Use zeros rather
than None, as Andrei suggests users may want to apply some but not all of
the goniometer angles in batch.

Reverting because U implies the U matrix. We'll keep things lower case and
fix the test instead.

This reverts commit ed491ad6.

logger string

Also move the test and fix some of the code along the way.

Refs #11463

Refs #11463

Refs #11209

Refs #11209

The actual order of the columns doesn't matter, so don't require an
arbitrary order.

Refs #11326