Changes

williamfgc · a55a4fb2
--- a/C-Interoperability-and-Type-Casting.md
+++ b/C-Interoperability-and-Type-Casting.md
-<p><strong>Avoid mixing C headers, functions, and casting if there is a corresponding C++ equivalent</strong></p><ol><li><strong>C Header/Function:</strong> use C++ equivalents. Use  cmath  not math.h,  iostream  not stdio.h  <ul><li><code>Don't</code> Use C header/functions<ul><li><pre style="border: 0;"><code>#include &lt;math.h&gt;
-#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+1. <strong>Avoid mixing C headers, functions, and casting</strong> use corresponding C++ equivalent. Example: use  ```cmath``` not ```math.h```, ```iostream``` not ```stdio.h```
+
+    * _Don't_
+      ``cpp
+        #include <stdio.h>
+        #include <math.h>
        ...
        float powerOfTwo = powf( 2.f, 5.f );
-printf ( &quot;2^5 = %f\n&quot;, powerOfTwo );</code></pre></li></ul></li><li><code>Do</code> Use C++ header/functions<ul><li><pre style="border: 0;"><code>#include &lt; cmath &gt;
-#include &lt; iostream &gt;
+        printf( "2^5 = %f\n", powerOfTwo );
+
+    * _Do_
+      ``cpp
+        #include <iostream>
+        #include <cmath>
        ...
-constexpr float  powerOfTwo =  std::pow ( 2., 5. );
-std::cout  &lt;&lt; &quot;2^5 = &quot; &lt;&lt; powerOfTwo &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot;;
-</code></pre></li></ul></li></ul></li>
+        constexpr float powerOfTwo = powf( 2.f, 5.f );
+        std::cout << "2^5 = " << powerOfTwo << "\n";              

-<li><strong>Use C headers/functions when:</strong>
-<ul><li>There is no C++ equivalent
-<ul><li>C++ API is deprecated or not fully supported libraries ( <em>e.g.</em> MPI, CUDA_C, PETSc )</li><li>POSIX functionality <em>e.g.</em> unistd.h </li></ul></li><li>Language Interoperability is required
-<ul><li>C++ –&gt; C —&gt; Fortran </li><li>C++ –&gt; C —&gt; JNI —&gt; Java</li></ul></li></ul></li>
+2. <strong>Exception for using C headers/functions:</strong>
+    * C++ API is deprecated or not fully supported libraries ( _e.g._ MPI, CUDA_C, PETSc )
+    * No POSIX equivalent in C++: _e.g._ ```unistd.h, shmem.h, sys/ipc.h```
+    * Language Interoperability through C
+        ```
+        C++ --> C --> Fortran --> C --> C++
+        C++ --> C --> JNI --> Java --> JNI --> C --> C++
+        ```

-<li><strong>Type Casting:</strong> use C++11 style casting: static_cast, dynamic_cast, reinterpret_cast when corresponding instead of ( Type ) C style.<ul><li><code>Don't</code> <ul><li><pre style="border: 0;"><code> ( int ) foo;</code></pre></li></ul></li><li><code>Do</code> 
-<ul><li><pre style="border: 0;"><code>  static_cast&lt;   int   &gt;  ( foo );</code></pre></li></ul></li>
-<ul><li><pre style="border: 0;"><code>  reinterpret_cast&lt;   double*   &gt;  ( foo );</code></pre></li></ul</li>
-</ul></li></ol>
+3. <strong>Avoid C-style casting:</strong> use C++11 style casting: ```static_cast, dynamic_cast, reinterpret_cast``.
+    * Don't
+      ```cpp 
+         int foo = ( int ) bar;
+         char* buffer = (char*) data;
+      ```
+    * Do
+      ```cpp 
+         int foo = static_cast<int>( foo );
+         char* buffer = reinterpret_cast<char*>( data );
+      ```
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