Commit 1001da71 authored by Simon Spannagel's avatar Simon Spannagel
Browse files

Merge branch 'add-cspbbr3' into 'master' 

GH#52 Compatibility with CsPbBr3 (Perovskites) as active material

See merge request allpix-squared/allpix-squared!1196
parents 5483b0db cd9f537e

AUTHORS.md

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@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ The following authors, in alphabetical order, have developed or contributed to A 
* Koen van den Brandt, Nikhef, [kvandenb](https://gitlab.cern.ch/kvandenb)

* Ben Bruers, DESY, [bbrueers](https://gitlab.cern.ch/bbrueers)

* Carsten Daniel Burgard, DESY, [cburgard](https://gitlab.cern.ch/cburgard)

* Raul Back Campanelli, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, [raul-campanelli](https://github.com/raul-campanelli)

* Maximilian Felix Caspar, DESY, [mcaspar](https://gitlab.cern.ch/mcaspar)

* Liejian Chen, Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing, [chenlj](https://github.com/chenlj)

* Naomi Davis, DESY, [naomi](https://gitlab.cern.ch/naomi)

doc/usermanual/06_models/01_material_properties.md

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@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ composition and of vendors. The sources for the chosen default values are provid 
| Cadmium Zinc Telluride $`(\ce{Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Te})`$ | 4.6             | 0.14        | \[[@CdZnTe_Creation], [@CdZnTe_Fano]\] |

| Diamond                                              | 13.1            | 0.382       | \[[@Diamond_Creation_Fano]\]           |

| Silicon Carbide $`(\ce{{4H-}SiC})`$                  | 7.6             | 0.1         | \[[@SiC_Creation], [@SiC_Fano]\]       |



| Cesium Lead Bromide (CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>)                      | 5.3             | 0.1         | \[[@CsPbBr3_Creation],[@CsPbBr3_Fano]\]|                                        |



It should be noted that material properties such as the density and composition of materials are defined only in case of

constructing a Geant4 geometry via the `GeometryBuilderGeant4` module, therefore these values are implemented within the
@@ -49,3 +49,5 @@ respective module. 
[@Diamond_Creation_Fano]: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201600195

[@SiC_Creation]: https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596542

[@SiC_Fano]: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.046

[@CsPbBr3_Creation]: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04073-3

[@CsPbBr3_Fano]: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00727-1

src/core/geometry/DetectorModel.hpp

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@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ namespace allpix { 
        DIAMOND,                ///< Diamond

        SILICON_CARBIDE,        ///< Silicon Carbide

        GALLIUM_NITRIDE,        ///< Gallium Nitride

        CESIUM_LEAD_BROMIDE,    ///< CsPbBr3 (Perovskite)

    };



    /**

src/modules/GeometryBuilderGeant4/MaterialManager.cpp

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@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ void Materials::set(const std::string& name, G4Material* material) { materials_. 
 *   - silicon carbide

 *   - titanium grade 5

 *   - vacuum

 *   - cesium_lead_bromide

 */

void Materials::init_materials() {

    G4NistManager* nistman = G4NistManager::Instance();
@@ -127,6 +128,8 @@ void Materials::init_materials() { 
    auto* Sn = nistman->FindOrBuildElement("Sn");

    auto* Te = nistman->FindOrBuildElement("Te");

    auto* Pb = nistman->FindOrBuildElement("Pb");

    auto* Cs = nistman->FindOrBuildElement("Cs");

    auto* Br = nistman->FindOrBuildElement("Br");



    // Create Epoxy material

    auto* Epoxy = new G4Material("Epoxy", 1.3 * CLHEP::g / CLHEP::cm3, 3);
@@ -219,4 +222,15 @@ void Materials::init_materials() { 


    // Add vacuum

    materials_["vacuum"] = new G4Material("Vacuum", 1, 1.008 * CLHEP::g / CLHEP::mole, CLHEP::universe_mean_density);



    // Create Cesium-Lead Bromide

    // Increasingly studied material for hard X-ray detection

    // https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151902

    // https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74384-7



    auto* CsPbBr3 = new G4Material("CsPbBr3", 4.42 * CLHEP::g / CLHEP::cm3, 3);

    CsPbBr3->AddElement(Cs, 1);

    CsPbBr3->AddElement(Pb, 1);

    CsPbBr3->AddElement(Br, 3);

    materials_["cesium_lead_bromide"] = CsPbBr3;

}

src/physics/MaterialProperties.hpp

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@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ namespace allpix { 
        {SensorMaterial::CADMIUM_TELLURIDE, 4.43e-6}, // https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554X(74)90662-4

        {SensorMaterial::CADMIUM_ZINC_TELLURIDE, 4.6e-6},

        {SensorMaterial::DIAMOND, 13.1e-6},             // https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201600195

        {SensorMaterial::SILICON_CARBIDE, 7.6e-6}}; // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596542

        {SensorMaterial::SILICON_CARBIDE, 7.6e-6},      // https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596542

        {SensorMaterial::CESIUM_LEAD_BROMIDE, 5.3e-6}}; // https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04073-3



    /**

     * @brief Fano factors for different materials
@@ -44,8 +45,9 @@ namespace allpix { 
        {SensorMaterial::CADMIUM_TELLURIDE, 0.24},      // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.09.025

        {SensorMaterial::CADMIUM_ZINC_TELLURIDE, 0.14}, // https://doi.org/10.1109/23.322857

        {SensorMaterial::DIAMOND, 0.382},               // https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201600195

        {SensorMaterial::SILICON_CARBIDE, 0.1}};        // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.046



        {SensorMaterial::SILICON_CARBIDE, 0.1},         // https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.046

        {SensorMaterial::CESIUM_LEAD_BROMIDE,

         0.1}}; // Not yet measured, but assumed by authors https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00727-1

} // namespace allpix



#endif /* ALLPIX_PROPERTIES_H */