There were some remaining headers that were not guarded with
_LIBCPP_HAS_LOCALIZATION, leading to errors when trying to use modules
on platforms that don't support localization (since all the headers get
pulled in when building the 'std' module). This patch brings these
headers in line with what we do for every other header that depends on
localization.

This patch also requires including <picolibc.h> from
<__configuration/platform.h> in order to define _NEWLIB_VERSION. In the
long term, we should use a better approach for doing that, such as
defining a macro in the __config_site header.